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"Today, more organisations are utilising project management tools and methodologies to streamline processes and enhance strategic business performance. The need to be fully aware and up to date with the latest tools and techniques is vital as companies strive to be more competitive during increasingly tough economic conditions.

Project management in the modern sense began in the early 1960s, although it has its roots much further back in the latter years of the 19th century. The need for project management was driven by businesses that realised the benefits of organising work around projects and the critical need to communicate and co-ordinate work across departments and professions. Here is the main definition of what project management is:

  1. Project management is no small task.
  2. Project management has a definite beginning and end. It is not a continuous process.
  3. Project management uses various tools to measure accomplishments and track project tasks. These include Gantt charts and PERT charts.
  4. Projects frequently need resources on an ad-hoc basis as opposed to organisations that have only dedicated full-time positions.
  5. Project management reduces risk and increases the chance of success.
Project management is often summarised in a triangle. The three most important factors are time, cost and scope. These form the vertices with quality as a central theme.
  1. Projects must be delivered on time.
  2. Projects must be within cost.
  3. Projects must be within scope.
  4. Projects must meet customer quality requirements.
More recently, this has given way to a project management diamond, with time, cost, scope and quality the four vertices and customer expectations as a central theme. No two customers' expectations are the same so you must ask what their expectations are :
JAKS project goes through four phases during its life:
  1. Project Definition: Defining the goals, objectives and critical success factors for the project.
  2. Project Initiation: Everything that is needed to set-up the project before work can start.
  3. Project Control: Ensuring that a project stays on track and taking appropriate action to ensure it does.
  4. Project Closure: Disbanding of all the elements that were required to run the project.

The role of the project manager is one of great responsibility. It is the project manager's job to direct, supervise and control the project from beginning to end. Project managers should not carryout project work, managing a project is enough. Here are some the activities that must be undertake:

  1. The project manager must define the project, reduce it to a set of manageable tasks, obtain appropriate resources and build a team to perform the project work.
  2. The project manager must set the final goal for the project and motivate his/her workers to complete the project on time.
  3. The project manager must inform all stakeholders of progress on a regular basis.
  4. The project manager must assess risks to the project and mitigate them.
  5. No project ever goes 100% as planned, so project managers must learn to adapt to change.

A project manager must have a range of skills including:

Leadership
People management (customers, suppliers, managers and colleagues)
Communication (verbal and written)
Negotiating
Planning
Contract management
Problem solving
Creative thinking
   
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